Kileskus

 Kileskus (meaning lizard in the Khakaslanguage) is a genus of tyrannosauroiddinosaur known from partial remains found in Middle Jurassic (Bathonian stage) Itat Formation of Sharypovsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia). Fossils recovered include the holotype maxilla, a premaxilla, a surangular, and a few bones from the hand and foot.^[1] Additional remains referred to the species include cervical and caudal vertebrae, as well as a fibula.^[2] The skull bones are similar to those of Proceratosaurus. The type species is K. aristotocus. Kileskus was named in 2010 by Averianov and colleagues. Its size has been estimated at 5.2 meters (17 ft) in length and 700 kg (1,540 lbs) in weight.^[3]

Kileskus Temporal range: Bathonian, 166 Ma  PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Diagram showing known fossil remains
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Family:	†Proceratosauridae
Genus:	†Kileskus Averianov et al., 2010
Species:	†K. aristotocus
Binomial name
†Kileskus aristotocus Averianov et al., 2010

Estimated size, compared to a human.

ClassificationEdit

Kileskus has been included in two phylogenetic analyses and found to be a basalproceratosaurid both times.^[1][4]

Although it is unknown whether Kileskussported a nasal crest, it can be assigned to Proceratosauridae due to a number of other features. These include elongated external nares, a short ventral margin of the premaxilla, and the area of the antorbital fossa directly below the antorbital fenestra being deeper than the maxilla directly below it. Kileskus also shares with Proceratosaurusnares inclined posterodorsally at a 40 degree angle to the skull. Kileskus is distinguished from other proceratosaurids by the anterior rim of its maxilla being confluent with the ascending process of the maxilla and gently sloping posterodorsally.^[1]

Below is a cladogram published in 2013 by Loewen et al..^[4]

Tyrannosauroidea

Proceratosauridae     Proceratosaurus bradleyi     Kileskus aristotocus     Guanlong wucaii         Sinotyrannus kazuoensis       Juratyrant langhami     Stokesosaurus clevelandi             Dilong paradoxus       Eotyrannus lengi       Bagaraatan ostromi       Raptorex kriegsteini       Dryptosaurus aquilunguis         Alectrosaurus olseni     Xiongguanlong baimoensis         Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis         Alioramus altai     Alioramus remotus       Tyrannosauridae

Cladogram published in 2018.^[5]

Tyrannosauroidea

Proceratosauridae     Guanlong wucaii        Proceratosaurus bradleyi         Kileskus aristotocus         Sinotyrannus kazuoensis       Yutyrannus huali               Pantyrannosauria     Aviatyrannis jurassica         Dilong paradoxus          Santanaraptor placidus       Timimus hermani           Stokesosaurus clevelandi       Juratyrant langhami       Eotyrannus lengi           Xiongguanlong baimoensis       NMV P186046 ("Australian tyrannosaur")           Alectrosaurus olseni       Timurlengia euotica       Eutyrannosauria   Dryptosaurus aquilunguis         Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis         Bistahieversor sealeyi       Tyrannosauridae Albertosaurinae   Gorgosaurus libratus       Albertosaurus sarcophagus       Tyrannosaurinae Alioramini   Qianzhousaurus sinensis         Alioramus remotus       Alioramus altai             Nanuqsaurus hoglundi       Teratophoneus curriei       Lythronax argestes             Daspletosaurus torosus       Daspletosaurus horneri             Zhuchengtyrannus magnus         Tarbosaurus bataar       Tyrannosaurus rex

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article  Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.