Vagaceratops

 Vagaceratops (meaning "wandering (vagus, Latin) horned face", in reference to its close relationship with Kosmoceratops from Utah) is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsiandinosaur. It is a chasmosaurine ceratopsianwhich lived during the Late Cretaceous period(late Campanian) in what is now Alberta. Its fossils have been recovered from the Upper Dinosaur Park Formation.^[1]

Vagaceratops Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 76.2 Ma  PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Cast of the holotype skull, Canadian Museum of Nature
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Order:	†Ornithischia
Family:	†Ceratopsidae
Subfamily:	†Chasmosaurinae
Genus:	†Vagaceratops Sampson et al., 2010
Species:	†V. irvinensis
Binomial name
†Vagaceratops irvinensis (Holmes et al., 2001 [originally Chasmosaurus])
Synonyms
Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes et al., 2001

DescriptionEdit

Life restoration

Vagaceratops is known primarily from three fossil skulls. Although the general structure was typical of ceratopsids (i.e. a parrot-like beak, large neck frill, and nasal horn) it has some peculiarities. The skulls are characterized by a reduced supraorbital horn, brow horns that are reduced to low bosses and a larger snout compared to related animals. Vagaceratops had smaller parietal fenestrae than most ceratopsids and had a strange configuration of epoccipitals (bones surrounding the frill). It possessed ten epoccipitals, eight of which were centrally flattened, curved forward and upward and fused together to form a jagged margin along the back of the frill. The frill was shorter and more square-shaped than other chasmosaurines, being wider than it was long.

ClassificationEdit

Holotype skeleton, CMN

Model at CMN

Vagaceratops was named by Scott D. Sampson, Mark A. Loewen, Andrew A. Farke, Eric M. Roberts, Catherine A. Forster, Joshua A. Smith, and Alan L. Titus in 2010, and the type species is Vagaceratops irvinensis.^[1] This species was originally described as a species of Chasmosaurus (C. irvinensis) in 2001.^[2] Its relationships remain debated. Vagaceratopshas variously been allied with Kosmoceratops^[1] or with Chasmosaurus.^[3][2]

The cladogram below is the phylogeny of the Chasmosaurinae by Brown et al. (2015):^[4]

Ceratopsidae

Centrosaurinae   Chasmosaurinae     Vagaceratops irvinensis     Kosmoceratops richardsoni                   Chasmosaurus belli     Chasmosaurus russeli       Mojoceratops perifania       Agujaceratops mariscalensis         Utahceratops gettyi     Pentaceratops sternbergii           Bravoceratops polyphemus     Coahuilaceratops magnacuerna             Anchiceratops ornatus     Arrhinoceratops brachyops     Triceratopsini   Regaliceratops peterhewsi     Eotriceratops xerinsularis     Ojoceratops fowleri       Titanoceratops ouranos       Nedoceratops hatcheri         Torosaurus latus     Torosaurus utahensis         Triceratops horridus     Triceratops prorsus

Recently it has been suggested that Chasmosaurinae had a deep evolutionary split between a Chasmosaurus clade and a Pentaceratops clade. Vagaceratops was hypothesized to be the last member of the Chasmosaurus clade from northern Laramidia,with the last representative of the clade being its close relative Kosmoceratops.^[5]

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article  Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.